How do I type Greek letters on a keyboard?

On Windows, you can add a Greek keyboard layout in Settings → Time & language → Language & region, or use Alt codes for a few letters in many apps (Alt + 224 for α, Alt + 228 for Σ, Alt + 234 for Ω). On a Mac, Option + P types π and Option + Z types Ω, or you can add the Greek input source in System Settings → Keyboard. For occasional use, copying from this page is quickest.

What is the difference between σ and ς?

Both are lowercase sigma. σ is used at the start or middle of a word, and ς (final sigma) is used only at the end of a word in Greek text. Uppercase sigma is always Σ.

Which Greek letters are used most in math and physics?

Some of the most common are α, β and γ (angles and coefficients), Δ and δ (change), θ (angles), λ (wavelength), μ (micro, friction, mean), π (pi), σ (standard deviation), Σ (sum), and ω and Ω (angular frequency and ohms).

What are the HTML entities for Greek letters?

Every Greek letter has a named entity spelled like its English name: α for α, Δ for Δ, λ for λ, Ω for Ω and so on — capitalize the first letter for uppercase. Final sigma ς is &sigmaf;.

Greek Letters Copy and Paste α β Δ Σ Ω

The complete Greek alphabet in uppercase and lowercase, plus the special variants used in math and science. Click any letter to copy it.

Your picks — tap symbols below to collect them here

Uppercase Greek Letters

Lowercase Greek Letters

Greek Symbols in Math & Science

✅Copied!

Keyboard shortcuts & HTML codes

Windows Alt codes need the numeric keypad with Num Lock on. On Mac, hold Option (⌥) while pressing the key.

Symbol	Name	Windows	Mac	HTML
Α	Alpha (uppercase)	—	—	Α
Β	Beta (uppercase)	—	—	Β
Γ	Gamma (uppercase)	Alt+226	—	Γ
Δ	Delta (uppercase)	—	—	Δ
Ε	Epsilon (uppercase)	—	—	Ε
Ζ	Zeta (uppercase)	—	—	Ζ
Η	Eta (uppercase)	—	—	Η
Θ	Theta (uppercase)	Alt+233	—	Θ
Ι	Iota (uppercase)	—	—	Ι
Κ	Kappa (uppercase)	—	—	Κ
Λ	Lambda (uppercase)	—	—	Λ
Μ	Mu (uppercase)	—	—	Μ
Ν	Nu (uppercase)	—	—	Ν
Ξ	Xi (uppercase)	—	—	Ξ
Ο	Omicron (uppercase)	—	—	Ο
Π	Pi (uppercase)	—	—	Π
Ρ	Rho (uppercase)	—	—	Ρ
Σ	Sigma (uppercase)	Alt+228	—	Σ
Τ	Tau (uppercase)	—	—	Τ
Υ	Upsilon (uppercase)	—	—	Υ
Φ	Phi (uppercase)	Alt+232	—	Φ
Χ	Chi (uppercase)	—	—	Χ
Ψ	Psi (uppercase)	—	—	Ψ
Ω	Omega (uppercase)	Alt+234	Option+Z	Ω
α	alpha (lowercase)	Alt+224	—	α
β	beta (lowercase)	—	—	β
γ	gamma (lowercase)	—	—	γ
δ	delta (lowercase)	Alt+235	—	δ
ε	epsilon (lowercase)	Alt+238	—	ε
ζ	zeta (lowercase)	—	—	ζ
η	eta (lowercase)	—	—	η
θ	theta (lowercase)	—	—	θ
ι	iota (lowercase)	—	—	ι
κ	kappa (lowercase)	—	—	κ
λ	lambda (lowercase)	—	—	λ
μ	mu (lowercase)	—	—	μ
ν	nu (lowercase)	—	—	ν
ξ	xi (lowercase)	—	—	ξ
ο	omicron (lowercase)	—	—	ο
π	pi (lowercase)	Alt+227	Option+P	π
ρ	rho (lowercase)	—	—	ρ
ς	final sigma (lowercase)	—	—	&sigmaf;
σ	sigma (lowercase)	Alt+229	—	σ
τ	tau (lowercase)	Alt+231	—	τ
υ	upsilon (lowercase)	—	—	υ
φ	phi (lowercase)	Alt+237	—	φ
χ	chi (lowercase)	—	—	χ
ψ	psi (lowercase)	—	—	ψ
ω	omega (lowercase)	—	—	ω
µ	Micro Sign	Alt+0181	Option+M	µ
∆	Increment (Delta Operator)	—	Option+J	—
∑	N-ary Summation	—	Option+W	∑
∏	N-ary Product	—	Option+Shift+P	∏

Greek Letters in Math, Science and Greek Life

Greek letters show up everywhere: π for pi, Δ for change, Σ for a sum, λ for wavelength, μ for micro and Ω for ohms. Students use them in lab reports and homework, programmers in comments and docs, and fraternities and sororities in their names, like ΑΦΑ or ΚΚΓ. Copying the real Greek character is better than a lookalike Latin letter, because it stays correct when someone searches, translates or reads the text with a screen reader.

Lookalike Characters to Watch Out For

Unicode has a few near-identical twins. Ω (Ohm Sign, U+2126) and Ω (Greek Capital Omega, U+03A9) look the same, and µ (Micro Sign) and μ (Greek Small Mu) are also separate characters — for these, Unicode recommends the Greek letters, and the signs exist mainly for compatibility with older character sets. In math, ∑ (N-ary Summation) and ∏ (N-ary Product) are the dedicated big operators, while Σ and Π are the letters sigma and pi; likewise ∆ (Increment) is distinct from Δ (Delta).